How It Works
- Hydrogen (H₂) enters the anode side of the fuel cell.
- A catalyst splits H₂ into protons (H⁺) and electrons (e⁻).
- Protons pass through the electrolyte membrane; electrons travel via an external circuit, generating electricity.
- At the cathode, protons, electrons, and oxygen (O₂) combine to form water (H₂O).
- Types of Hydrogen Fuel Cells
| Type | Electrolyte Used | Key Applications |
| PEMFC (Proton Exchange) | Polymer membrane | Vehicles, backup power |
| SOFC (Solid Oxide) | Ceramic electrolyte | Industrial, stationary power |
| AFC (Alkaline) | Aqueous potassium hydroxide | Space missions, submarines |
| PAFC (Phosphoric Acid) | Liquid phosphoric acid | Commercial buildings, cogeneration |
Why It Matters
- Zero emissions at point of use
- High efficiency (up to 60% electrical, 85% with cogeneration)
- Quiet operation with fewer moving parts
- Ideal for decentralized power and clean mobility